

A comma, if you use signal verbs like “says,” “states,” “explains,” etc.In terms of punctuation, you can introduce a quote with: Spencer defines social evolution as a “transition from a state of relative uncertainty, incoherence, and homogeneity to a state of relative certainty, connectedness, and versatility” (54). Taylor (2016) thinks the response to punishment is anger: “Punishment, especially if its justice is doubtful,…coarsens the human soul and hardens it” (p.72).


As Freeman reported, “Van Dusen could be heard being outraged, ‘I can’t believe she said, “Can you help me?”!’”Īs Freeman reported, ‘Van Dusen could be heard being outraged, “I can’t believe she said, ‘Can you help me?’!”’Įxception: in APA and MLA styles, the last punctuation mark goes after the citation information given in parentheses.
